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U3 snoRNA is a non-coding RNA found predominantly in the nucleolus. U3 has C/D box motifs that technically make it a member of the box C/D class of snoRNAs; however, unlike other C/D box snoRNAs, it has not been shown to direct 2'-''O''-methylation of other RNAs. Rather, U3 is thought to guide site-specific cleavage of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) during pre-rRNA processing. The box C/D element is a subset of the six short sequence elements found in all U3 snoRNAs, namely boxes A, A', B, C, C', and D. The U3 snoRNA secondary structure is characterized by a small 5' domain (with boxes A and A'), and a larger 3' domain (with boxes B, C, C', and D), the two domains being linked by a single-stranded hinge. Boxes B and C form the B/C motif, which appears to be exclusive to U3 snoRNAs, and boxes C' and D form the C'/D motif. The latter is functionally similar to the C/D motifs found in other snoRNAs. The 5' domain and the hinge region act as a pre-rRNA-binding domain. The 3' domain has conserved protein-binding sites. Both the box B/C and box C'/D motifs are sufficient for nuclear retention of U3 snoRNA. The box C'/D motif is also necessary for nucleolar localization, stability and hyper-methylation of U3 snoRNA.〔 〕 Both box B/C and C'/D motifs are involved in specific protein interactions and are necessary for the rRNA processing functions of U3 snoRNA. ==Species-specific secondary structure models== ''S. cerevisiae'' secondary structure determined by chemical mapping of U3A RNA in a purified snoRNP is available. A human structure model has also been proposed. Like yeast and human, protozoan protist Entamoeba histolytica : a primitive eukaryote adopted the same conserved secondary structure of U3 snoRNA. 〔 Srivastava A, Ahamad J, Ray AK, Kaur D, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya S (2014). Analysis of U3 snoRNA and small subunit processome components in the parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 193(2):82-92. doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Mar 12 〕 Four consensus structures specific to metazoa, fungi, plants and basal eukaryotes have been proposed. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Small nucleolar RNA U3」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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